This new discussion paper makes the case that devolution offers the chance to tackle poverty and inequality by doing things differently – but current thinking may lead us towards the same mistakes. The authors argue that With a national economic model which seems incapable of dealing with poverty and inequality, there is a chance that a fresh action by cities and local government can get to the roots causes of weak local economies and social exclusion. The report argues a ‘Double Dividend’ approach is required in which both economic and social success are seen as intrinsic to local prosperity. Social outcomes such as decent wages, and enduring social institutions, are key to an area’s sustainable economic success but are too often seen as a barrier to growth.